Difference between revisions of "The Wunet Protocol"

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* ''Network Virtualization''
 
* ''Network Virtualization''
−
** Wunet is a virtual network overlayed over an IP network in which each Wunet packet is carried inside a UDP packet.
 
 
* ''Unicast and Multicast Packets''
 
* ''Unicast and Multicast Packets''
−
** There are unicast and multicast DATA packets and multicast SUBSCRIBE and UNSUBSCRIBE multicast packets.
+
* ''Virtual Link Rate Guarantee''
 +
* ''Virtual Link Weighted Fair Sharing''
 
* ''Route Learning''
 
* ''Route Learning''
−
** A router will add a reverse route for any incoming packet with a source address not found in the routing table
 
 
* ''No-Route Flooding''
 
* ''No-Route Flooding''
−
** A unicast packet with no matching route table entry is forwarded by flooding.
+
* ''Upstream Subscription Propagation''
−
* ''Upstream Packet Propagation''
 
−
** A multicast SUBSCRIBE packet with no matching route table entry is propagated toward the root of its multicast tree.
 
 
* ''Spoofing Protection''
 
* ''Spoofing Protection''
−
** XXX
 
  
 
A version of Wunet that is targeted at conventional processors has been implemented in C++.
 
A version of Wunet that is targeted at conventional processors has been implemented in C++.
Line 33: Line 29:
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
labels:  hosts, routers, links
 +
 
             H11 H12 H13    H21 H22 H23    ...
 
             H11 H12 H13    H21 H22 H23    ...
−
              |   |   |       |   |   |
+
            | ^ | ^ | ^    | ^ | ^ | ^
−
               -------        -------
+
            v | v | v |     v | v | v |
−
                  |              |
+
               1  2  3      1  2  3
−
                  R1 ------------ R2
+
 
 +
                  R1 4-----------> R2
 +
                    <-----------4
 +
                6| 5\            6/|5
 +
                  v  \          / v
 
...
 
...
−
                   R4 ------------ R3
+
                   R4 ------------> R3
 +
                    <------------
  
−
                  |               |
+
            | ^ | ^ | ^    | ^ | ^ | ^
−
              -------        -------
+
            v | v | v |     v | v | v |
−
              |   |   |       |   |   |
 
 
             H11 H12 H13    H21 H22 H23    ...
 
             H11 H12 H13    H21 H22 H23    ...
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
−
A Wunet network is a virtual interconnection of host nodes and router nodes.
+
A Wunet network contains host nodes, router nodes and links that interconnect the nodes.
−
As shown (right), XXX
+
The figure (right) shows four virtual routers directly connected to each other and each router is directly connected to three hosts.
−
The interconnection is virtual in that  
+
 
 +
Each host has one virtual link, and each router has six virtual links.
 +
A link between two nodes is ''virtual'' in the sense that it is actually a path in the underlying actual network.
 +
An example of the actual network might be an IP network where a virtual link is a communication path between two UDP endpoints (i.e., an IP address and UDP port number).
 +
 
 +
[[ Image:wunet-simple-overlay.png | thumb | right | 400px | The Overlay Network ]]
 +
 
 +
In the figure shown right, XXX
 +
 
 +
= Virtual Links =
 +
 
 +
LT: lnum --> (peerEP, type, padr, bitRate, pktRate)
 +
 
 +
R1 LT:
 +
 
 +
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
 +
! lnum || peerEP || type || padr || bitRate || pktRate
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 1 || 192.168.1.64:0    || host  ||  11 || 30000 || 15000
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 2 || 192.168.1.65:0    || host  ||  12 || 30000 || 15000
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 3 || 192.168.1.66:0    || host  ||  13 || 30000 || 15000
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 4 || 192.168.2.32:30123 || router || 200 || 30000 || 15000
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 5 || 192.168.2.80:30123 || router || 300 || 30000 || 15000
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 6 || 192.168.1.32:30123 || router || 400 || 30000 || 15000
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
= Wunet Packet Encapsulation =
 +
 
 +
[[ Image:wunet-encap.png | thumb | right | 400px | Wunet Packet Encapsulation ]]
 +
 
 +
Wunet is a virtual network overlayed over an IP network in which each Wunet packet is carried inside a UDP packet.
 +
Although the underlying network need not be IP, we assume in all of our discussion that each Wunet packet is encapsulated in a UDP packet.
 +
XXX
 +
 
 +
= A Wunet Packet =
 +
 
 +
[[ Image:wunet-pkt-hdr.png | thumb | right | 400px | Wunet Packet Header ]]
 +
 
 +
A Wunet packet header is four words (16 bytes) long.
 +
Note that this version of Wunet has no field for detecting packet or packet header corruption.
 +
Damaged packets are silently lost if the underlay network is unreliable
 +
(e.g. UDP).
 +
 
 +
The first word of a Wunet header has XXX fields XXX
 +
 
 +
 
 +
There are unicast and multicast DATA packets and multicast SUBSCRIBE and UNSUBSCRIBE multicast packets.
  
 
= Basic Unicast DATA Packet Routing =
 
= Basic Unicast DATA Packet Routing =
 +
 +
 +
RT:  (vnet, dst) --> (qnum, quantum, links)
 +
 +
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
 +
! colspan="4" | R1 || || colspan="4" | R2 || || colspan="4" | R3 || || colspan="4" | R4
 +
|-
 +
! vnet||dst||qnum||link||
 +
! vnet||dst||qnum||link||
 +
! vnet||dst||qnum||link||
 +
! vnet||dst||qnum||link
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 1 || 11 || 0 || 1 || || 1 || 21 || 0 || 1 || || 1 || 31|| 0 || 1 || || 1 || 41|| 0 || 1
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 1 || 12 || 0 || 2 || || 1 || 22 || 0 || 2 || || 1 || 32|| 0 || 2 || || 1 || 42|| 0 || 2
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 1 || 13 || 0 || 3 || || 1 || 23 || 0 || 3 || || 1 || 33|| 0 || 3 || || 1 || 43|| 0 || 3
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 2 || 11 || 0 || 1 || || 2 || 21 || 0 || 1 || || 2 || 31|| 0 || 1 || || 2 || 41|| 0 || 1
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 2 || 12 || 0 || 2 || || 2 || 22 || 0 || 2 || || 2 || 32|| 0 || 2 || || 2 || 42|| 0 || 2
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 2 || 13 || 0 || 3 || || 2 || 23 || 0 || 3 || || 2 || 33|| 0 || 3 || || 2 || 43|| 0 || 3
 +
|}
 +
  
 
= Basic Multicast DATA Packet Routing =
 
= Basic Multicast DATA Packet Routing =
 +
 +
RT:  (vnet, dst) --> (qnum, quantum, links)
 +
 +
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
 +
! colspan="4" | R1 || || colspan="4" | R2 || || colspan="4" | R3 || || colspan="4" | R4
 +
|-
 +
! vnet||dst||qnum||link||
 +
! vnet||dst||qnum||link||
 +
! vnet||dst||qnum||link||
 +
! vnet||dst||qnum||link
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 1 || 11 || 0 || 1 || || 1 || 21 || 0 || 1 || || 1 || 31|| 0 || 1 || || 1 || 41|| 0 || 1
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 1 || 12 || 0 || 2 || || 1 || 22 || 0 || 2 || || 1 || 32|| 0 || 2 || || 1 || 42|| 0 || 2
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 1 || 13 || 0 || 3 || || 1 || 23 || 0 || 3 || || 1 || 33|| 0 || 3 || || 1 || 43|| 0 || 3
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 2 || 11 || 0 || 1 || || 2 || 21 || 0 || 1 || || 2 || 31|| 0 || 1 || || 2 || 41|| 0 || 1
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 2 || 12 || 0 || 2 || || 2 || 22 || 0 || 2 || || 2 || 32|| 0 || 2 || || 2 || 42|| 0 || 2
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 2 || 13 || 0 || 3 || || 2 || 23 || 0 || 3 || || 2 || 33|| 0 || 3 || || 2 || 43|| 0 || 3
 +
|}
 +
 +
  
 
= Basic SUBSCRIBE/UNSUBSCRIBE Routing =
 
= Basic SUBSCRIBE/UNSUBSCRIBE Routing =
 +
 +
VT:  vnet --> (plnk, qnum, quantum, links)
 +
 +
{| border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
 +
! colspan="4" | R1 || colspan="4" | R2 || colspan="4" | R3 || colspan="4" | R4
 +
|-
 +
! vnet||plnk||qnum||link
 +
! vnet||plnk||qnum||link
 +
! vnet||plnk||qnum||link
 +
! vnet||plnk||qnum||link
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 1 || 0 || 1 || 1-6 || 1 || x21 || 1 || 1-6 || 1 || x31|| 1 || 1-6 || 1 || x41|| 1 || 1-6
 +
|- align="center"
 +
| 2 || 4 || 2 || 1-4 || 2 || x22 || 2 || 1-4 || 2 || x32|| 2 || 1-4 || 2 || x42|| 2 || 1-4
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
= Virtual Link Rate Guarantees =
 +
 +
= Virtual Link Weighted Fair Sharing =
  
 
= Route Learning =
 
= Route Learning =
 +
 +
A router will add a reverse route for any incoming packet with a source address not found in the routing table.
  
 
= Flooding =
 
= Flooding =
  
−
= Upstream SUBSCRIBE Packet Propagation =
+
A unicast packet with no matching route table entry is forwarded by flooding.
 +
 
 +
= Upstream Subscription Propagation =
 +
 
 +
A multicast SUBSCRIBE packet with no matching route table entry is propagated toward the root of its multicast tree.
  
 
= Spoofing Protection =
 
= Spoofing Protection =
  
−
= Wunet Concepts =
+
= XXX =
  
 
A Wunet network consists of a set of nodes consisting of hosts and router nodes.
 
A Wunet network consists of a set of nodes consisting of hosts and router nodes.
Line 72: Line 201:
 
A multicast address is any 32-bit address with its high-order bit set
 
A multicast address is any 32-bit address with its high-order bit set
 
(i.e., any decimal number greater than 2^31-1 = 2,147,483,647).
 
(i.e., any decimal number greater than 2^31-1 = 2,147,483,647).
−
 
−
* Virtual Node
 
−
** Vaddr (Virtual address)
 
−
* Vnet (Virtual Network)
 
−
** Vlink (Virtual Link)
 
−
* Subscribe/Unsubscribe
 
−
 
−
= Wunet Features =
 
−
 
−
* ''UDP Encapsulation:''
 
−
** Each packet is encapsulated in UDP packet
 
−
* ''Virtual Addresses:''
 
−
** There are unicast addresses(e.g., 21, 200) and
 
−
** Multicast addresses(e.g., 2200110011 = x832303BB) addresses.
 
−
*** Any address with high-order bit set is mcast addr; i.e., any decimal number greater than 2^31-1 = 2,147,483,647.
 
−
* ''Packet Types:''  DATA, SUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE
 
−
* ''Routing:''
 
−
** Packets are routed by (vnet, vaddr)
 
−
* ''Route Learning:''
 
−
** A router will add a reverse route for any incoming packet with a source address not found in the routing table
 
−
* ''Joining/Leaving Multicast Group:''
 
−
** A host joins/leaves a multicast group using SUBSCRIBE/UNSUBSCRIBE
 
−
* Multicast tree is formed for each vnet through SUBSCRIBE packets that travel up the multicast tree
 
−
* ''Missing Routes:''
 
−
** ''Unicast Data:'' ''Flood'' all downstream links when there is no route.
 
−
** ''Multicast Data:''  Send subscriptions upstream when there is no route.
 
−
 
−
= Wunet Packet Header =
 
−
 
−
= Wunet Tables =
 
−
 
−
== LT (Link Table) ==
 
−
 
−
== RT (Routing Table) ==
 
−
 
−
== VT (Vnet Table) ==
 
−
 
−
== ST (Stats Table) ==
 

Latest revision as of 15:50, 5 February 2010

Template:Newpage

History of Wunet

The Wunet Protocol is a simplified version of the Forest Protocol. Like Forest, Wunet is an overlay network that supports unicast and multicast traffic. But Wunet only supports only a rudimentary form of multicast and there is no provision for error control (e.g., dropped bits). It was developed primarily for educational purposes during the Fall 2009 semester for a course in the Computer Science and Engineering Department at Washington University in St. Louis.

This page describes the features of Wunet and gives several examples. These features include:

  • Network Virtualization
  • Unicast and Multicast Packets
  • Virtual Link Rate Guarantee
  • Virtual Link Weighted Fair Sharing
  • Route Learning
  • No-Route Flooding
  • Upstream Subscription Propagation
  • Spoofing Protection

A version of Wunet that is targeted at conventional processors has been implemented in C++. We plan to implement a GPE-only version of Wunet on the GENI deployment of the SPP as a precursor to implementing a fastpath verion involving the NPR.

A Wunet Virtual Network

File:Wunet-simple.png
A Simple Network
labels:  hosts, routers, links

             H11 H12 H13     H21 H22 H23    ...
             | ^ | ^ | ^     | ^ | ^ | ^
             v | v | v |     v | v | v |
               1   2   3       1   2   3

                  R1 4-----------> R2
                     <-----------4
                 6| 5\            6/|5
                  v   \           / v
...
                  R4 ------------> R3
                     <------------

             | ^ | ^ | ^     | ^ | ^ | ^
             v | v | v |     v | v | v |
             H11 H12 H13     H21 H22 H23    ...

A Wunet network contains host nodes, router nodes and links that interconnect the nodes. The figure (right) shows four virtual routers directly connected to each other and each router is directly connected to three hosts.

Each host has one virtual link, and each router has six virtual links. A link between two nodes is virtual in the sense that it is actually a path in the underlying actual network. An example of the actual network might be an IP network where a virtual link is a communication path between two UDP endpoints (i.e., an IP address and UDP port number).

File:Wunet-simple-overlay.png
The Overlay Network

In the figure shown right, XXX

Virtual Links

LT: lnum --> (peerEP, type, padr, bitRate, pktRate)

R1 LT:

lnum peerEP type padr bitRate pktRate
1 192.168.1.64:0 host 11 30000 15000
2 192.168.1.65:0 host 12 30000 15000
3 192.168.1.66:0 host 13 30000 15000
4 192.168.2.32:30123 router 200 30000 15000
5 192.168.2.80:30123 router 300 30000 15000
6 192.168.1.32:30123 router 400 30000 15000

Wunet Packet Encapsulation

File:Wunet-encap.png
Wunet Packet Encapsulation

Wunet is a virtual network overlayed over an IP network in which each Wunet packet is carried inside a UDP packet. Although the underlying network need not be IP, we assume in all of our discussion that each Wunet packet is encapsulated in a UDP packet. XXX

A Wunet Packet

File:Wunet-pkt-hdr.png
Wunet Packet Header

A Wunet packet header is four words (16 bytes) long. Note that this version of Wunet has no field for detecting packet or packet header corruption. Damaged packets are silently lost if the underlay network is unreliable (e.g. UDP).

The first word of a Wunet header has XXX fields XXX


There are unicast and multicast DATA packets and multicast SUBSCRIBE and UNSUBSCRIBE multicast packets.

Basic Unicast DATA Packet Routing

RT: (vnet, dst) --> (qnum, quantum, links)

R1 R2 R3 R4
vnet dst qnum link vnet dst qnum link vnet dst qnum link vnet dst qnum link
1 11 0 1 1 21 0 1 1 31 0 1 1 41 0 1
1 12 0 2 1 22 0 2 1 32 0 2 1 42 0 2
1 13 0 3 1 23 0 3 1 33 0 3 1 43 0 3
2 11 0 1 2 21 0 1 2 31 0 1 2 41 0 1
2 12 0 2 2 22 0 2 2 32 0 2 2 42 0 2
2 13 0 3 2 23 0 3 2 33 0 3 2 43 0 3


Basic Multicast DATA Packet Routing

RT: (vnet, dst) --> (qnum, quantum, links)

R1 R2 R3 R4
vnet dst qnum link vnet dst qnum link vnet dst qnum link vnet dst qnum link
1 11 0 1 1 21 0 1 1 31 0 1 1 41 0 1
1 12 0 2 1 22 0 2 1 32 0 2 1 42 0 2
1 13 0 3 1 23 0 3 1 33 0 3 1 43 0 3
2 11 0 1 2 21 0 1 2 31 0 1 2 41 0 1
2 12 0 2 2 22 0 2 2 32 0 2 2 42 0 2
2 13 0 3 2 23 0 3 2 33 0 3 2 43 0 3


Basic SUBSCRIBE/UNSUBSCRIBE Routing

VT: vnet --> (plnk, qnum, quantum, links)

R1 R2 R3 R4
vnet plnk qnum link vnet plnk qnum link vnet plnk qnum link vnet plnk qnum link
1 0 1 1-6 1 x21 1 1-6 1 x31 1 1-6 1 x41 1 1-6
2 4 2 1-4 2 x22 2 1-4 2 x32 2 1-4 2 x42 2 1-4


Virtual Link Rate Guarantees

Virtual Link Weighted Fair Sharing

Route Learning

A router will add a reverse route for any incoming packet with a source address not found in the routing table.

Flooding

A unicast packet with no matching route table entry is forwarded by flooding.

Upstream Subscription Propagation

A multicast SUBSCRIBE packet with no matching route table entry is propagated toward the root of its multicast tree.

Spoofing Protection

XXX

A Wunet network consists of a set of nodes consisting of hosts and router nodes. Each node has a 32-bit virtual node address (vaddr). By convention hosts have virtual node addresses between 1 and 99, and routers have addresses that are typically multiples of 100 (e.g., 300). A multicast address is any 32-bit address with its high-order bit set (i.e., any decimal number greater than 2^31-1 = 2,147,483,647).

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